{"id":3635,"date":"2022-02-03T19:23:04","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T19:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/?p=3635"},"modified":"2022-02-15T19:53:54","modified_gmt":"2022-02-15T19:53:54","slug":"guide-to-illogical-comparison-questions-on-the-sat-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/guide-to-illogical-comparison-questions-on-the-sat-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide to Illogical Comparison Questions on the SAT Writing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The SAT Writing test asks you to strengthen the arguments of four passages. Some questions will ask you to add, delete, or modify evidence. Others ask you to rearrange paragraphs or whole passages to communicate ideas more clearly. The simplest questions, however, will ask you to correct mistakes in English grammar. Grammar questions present a mix of punctuation errors, mistakes in word usage, and sentence structure problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the questions in the third category, you will likely come across one or two questions on the topic of illogical comparisons. Illogical comparison questions test your close reading skills. <strong>Mistakes in this category are the most subtle of the grammar questions on the SAT writing test, but after you spend a few minutes familiarizing yourself with the basic forms, you\u2019ll recognize these questions and be able to answer them easily.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/sat-prep.html?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=blog_highlight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Looking for More SAT Writing Help? Check Out Test Geek&#8217;s Free SAT Study Guide.<\/a>  <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are Illogical Comparisons?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Illogical comparisons are sentences that seem to present a straightforward comparison, but because of an error in the construction of the sentence, are actually unclear, or illogical. Let\u2019s look at an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Massachusetts students scored better than New Jersey.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can easily grasp the gist of this sentence\u2014it\u2019s offering a comparison of student test scores in Massachusetts and New Jersey. But let\u2019s look a little more closely: What two things are really being compared here? Massachusetts students and New Jersey students, right? But our original sentence doesn\u2019t say that. Because of a failure in the sentence structure, this sentence is actually offering a comparison between Massachusetts <em>students<\/em> and New Jersey. This is an <em>illogical comparison <\/em>because it is illogical\u2014that is, it doesn\u2019t make sense\u2014to compare students with a state. Let\u2019s fix the example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Massachusetts students scored better than New Jersey students.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ah, now we have clarity. Students compared to students. This is grammatically correct and would be correct on the SAT. However, some illogical comparison questions might require you to move one step further. In general, the SAT prefers the most concise version of a sentence. In this case, we can make a final edit to avoid a little repetition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Massachusetts students scored better than those of New Jersey.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this final version, we have removed the repetition while still correcting the illogical comparison. It is clear that we are comparing students to students even though we have replaced students with the demonstrative pronoun \u201cthose\u201d in this final version. Demonstrative pronouns that and those often show up in SAT illogical comparison questions because they ensure sentence fluency <em>and <\/em>create logical comparisons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, be aware that you must choose the <em>correct <\/em>demonstrative pronoun. That should be used to refer to singular nouns, and those should be used to refer to plural nouns, like students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The apple from her orchard was tastier than the apple from his orchard.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The apple from her orchard was tastier than <strong>that<\/strong> of his orchard.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2-800x533.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-1-2.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>The apples in this basket are tastier than the apples in that basket. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Few Rules to Remember<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#1 Person to Person\/Thing to Thing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the examples above, we learned that we cannot compare students to a state because it is an illogical comparison. Why? Because we can only compare people to people and things to things. Students are people, states are things. They cannot be compared. Remembering this rule can get you pretty far on the SAT writing test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ann Patchett has published more books than Elizabeth Gilbert.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we compare Ann Patchett and Elizabeth Gilbert, both people. This is a logical comparison. But what if we mixed it up a little:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ann Patchett\u2019s books sold more copies than Elizabeth Gilbert.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are we comparing here? Ann Patchett\u2019s books and Elizabeth Gilbert\u2014one thing (books) and one person (Elizabeth Gilbert). Even if you could get the gist of what I was trying to say with this example, it\u2019s still an illogical comparison because we cannot compare books to authors. Let\u2019s fix it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ann Patchett\u2019s books sold more copies than Elizabeth Gilbert\u2019s books.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And now, let\u2019s remove the redundancy: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ann Patchett\u2019s books sold more copies than Elizabeth Gilbert\u2019s.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OR <em>Ann Patchett\u2019s books sold more copies than those of Elizabeth Gilbert.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#2 Possessive to Possessive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The first examples we looked at were not only illogical because they compared people to things, but also because they compared possessive nouns to non-possessive nouns. Remember: possessive nouns must be compared with other possessive nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anya\u2019s cooking is just as good as Nia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an illogical comparison because it compares Anya\u2019s cooking (a possessive noun) with Nia (not a possessive noun). Let\u2019s fix it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anya\u2019s cooking is just as good as Nia\u2019s cooking.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And then without the redundancy, both of these are correct:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anya\u2019s cooking is just as good as Nia\u2019s.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Anya\u2019s cooking is just as good as that of Nia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#3 Categories<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another way comparisons can be illogical is when they are made between individuals and entire categories. This kind of illogical comparison looks a little different than the examples we\u2019ve seen so far. Let\u2019s look at an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Massachusetts students scored higher than any student.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, we might be able to tell what this sentence means\u2014Massachusetts students had the best scores. But it\u2019s an illogical comparison because we are comparing a group of individuals (Massachusetts students) to an entire category (all students). This doesn\u2019t literally (or grammatically) make sense because the phrase \u201cany student\u201d actually includes \u201cMassachusetts students.\u201d We cannot compare the group of students from Massachusetts to all students because students from Massachusetts are included in the category of students. But don\u2019t worry! This is a very simple fix:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Massachusetts students scored higher than any <strong>other <\/strong>student.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The addition of the word \u201cother\u201d makes this a logical comparison because it edits the category of \u201cstudent\u201d to no longer include Massachusetts students. Now, we\u2019re comparing groups of individuals instead of individuals with an entire category. Let\u2019s look at a few more examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>INCORRECT: <em>The apple from her orchard was tastier than all apples.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CORRECT: <em>The apple from her orchard was tastier than all <strong>other <\/strong>apples.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At first we are comparing one apple to the entire category of apples. In the corrected version, we are comparing an individual example to the category of apples that does not include the first apple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>INCORRECT<em>: William Shakespeare has sold more books than anyone.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CORRECT: <em>William Shakespeare has sold more books than anyone <strong>else<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, we added \u201celse\u201d to function the same way that \u201cother\u201d does in the previous examples. It creates a category that does not include the original part of the comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/sat-prep.html?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=blog_highlight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kickstart Your SAT Prep with Test Geek&#8217;s Free SAT Study Guide.<\/a>  <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#4 Parallel Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You should also watch out for mistakes related to parallel structure on the SAT writing test. While these issues look a little different than illogical comparisons, they are also sentence structure errors. Parallel structure rules require that <em>parts of the sentence that have the same function should have the same construction<\/em>. This means that when words or phrases are part of lists or part of comparisons, they should be arranged in the same way as other words and phrases in the list or comparison. Verb tenses should be the same and the words should be in the same order. We\u2019ll focus on parallel structure in comparisons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I like to cook almost as much as I like eating.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This sentence does not align with our parallel structure rules. Two verbs that have the same function (\u201cto cook\u201d and \u201ceating\u201d are both things I like to do), but do not have the same construction. \u201cTo cook\u201d is an infinitive verb; \u201ceating\u201d is a gerund (a verb acting as a noun). Let\u2019s fix this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I like to cook almost as much as I like to eat.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rule applies not just to verb forms, but constructions in general:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For some people, individual survival is less important than being responsible for one another.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we are comparing \u201cindividual survival\u201d and \u201cbeing responsible for each other.\u201d These phrases have the same function in the sentence (two sides of a comparison), but they do not have the same construction. Individual survival is an adjective-noun; Being responsible for each other is a gerund (-ing verb) phrase. Let\u2019s fix it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For some people, individual survival is less important than mutual responsibility.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Individual survival and mutual responsibility are both adjective-noun phrases. We could also modify the sentence in this way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For some people, ensuring their own survival is less important than being responsible for one another.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This example includes two gerund phrases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using parallel structure makes writing clearer and more concise. Questions on parallel structure might be difficult to spot because parallel structure mistakes usually include no other obvious grammar mistakes. We also speak without using parallel structure all the time. So before you mark the \u201cNo change\u201d option on the SAT writing test, double-check that there are no parallel structure mistakes! &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-2.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sat-writing-illogical-comp-2-800x534.jpeg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Top 3 Tips for Illogical Comparison Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#1 Deal with Intervening Information<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Illogical comparisons on the SAT are difficult because the sentences are usually complex and there is often much intervening information between the two words or phrases being compared. <strong>The first step in answering these questions is to identify the words or phrases being compared. Let\u2019s look at a few more examples. &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some people prefer Thai-style curries, with their brighter flavor and soupier consistency, to eating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This question tests our knowledge of parallel structure rules. What is being compared here? Two types of curry that people might prefer, right? Well, not quite. In this construction, the sentence compares \u201cThai-style curries\u201d with \u201ceating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.\u201d This is tricky because Thai-style curries is also followed by a descriptive phrase so it might seem that the two sides of the comparison are constructed the same way. <strong>But the addition of the word \u201ceating\u201d ruins our parallel structure! <\/strong>We can cross out the phrase contained by commas \u201cwith their brighter flavor and soupier consistency\u201d to help us identify what\u2019s really going on here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some people prefer Thai-style curries to eating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So now let\u2019s fix it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some people prefer Thai-style curries, with their brighter flavor and soupier consistency, to thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#2 Pay attention to the underlined portion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes when you notice mistakes with illogical comparisons on the SAT, the quickest fix might be to change part of the sentence that is not underlined to match the underlined portion of the text. But remember, on the SAT the question is not asking you to change the whole sentence, just the underlined portion! You should assume that the rest of the sentence, at least during the minute that you spend on each question, only the underlined portion has the potential of being incorrect. Assume the rest of the sentence is correct, and look for an answer that matches it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take the example we just worked through, with a portion underlined:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some people prefer Thai-style curries, with their brighter flavor and soupier consistency, to <strong>eating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gerund phrase is bolded (this blog&#8217;s version of underlining), so we should look to the <em>other <\/em>portion of the sentence to find the style we should choose, as we did above. If the sentence was underlined differently, we would select a different answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Some people prefer Thai-style curries<\/strong>, with their brighter flavor and soupier consistency, to eating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we <em>should <\/em>look for a gerund phrase in the answer choices to correct this sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Some people prefer ordering Thai-style curries, with their brighter flavor and soupier consistency, to eating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice that the parts of the sentence do not need to match exactly\u2014we can say \u201cordering Thai-style curries\u201d and \u201ceating the thicker and warmer Indian-style curries\u201d because both start with a gerund. Notice also that the entire phrase \u201csome people prefer Thai-style curries\u201d not just \u201cThai-style curries\u201d was bolded. This is a tactic to throw you off! While the underlined portion does direct your attention to a potential mistake, it is your job to identify the precise location of the mistake. The underlined portion will likely include several words that do not need to be changed at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/sat-prep.html?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=blog_highlight\">Feeling Overwhelmed? Get 1-on-1 SAT Help from a Test Geek Tuto<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/sat-prep.html?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=blog_highlight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>r.<\/strong><\/a>  <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#3 Watch for Keywords<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Words that signal comparisons\u2014<strong>like, unlike, as, better, worse, more, less, than<\/strong>\u2014can help you identify illogical comparison questions. These words will not always be included in the underlined portion of the question. So if you notice them in any part of the sentence, especially if you don\u2019t notice any other grammar mistakes, double-check that all comparisons are logical!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary &#8211; Illogical Comparison Questions on the SAT Writing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You will likely encounter one or two illogical comparison questions on your SAT writing test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch out for comparison words to signal these questions. Double-check questions for illogical comparisons before you mark \u201cno change.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comparisons can only be made between people or between things. (Sal\u2019s bakery did better than Ian\u2019s bakery.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remove redundancy, if that is an option. (Sal\u2019s bakery did better than Ian\u2019s.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do not compare an individual to a category that it is included in. (Sal\u2019s bakery did better than any <strong>other<\/strong> bakery.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opt for parallel structure whenever possible. (I like reading more than I like writing. VS I like reading more than I like to write.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you keep these rules and tips in mind, you will breeze through illogical comparison questions!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/online-sat-tutoring-online-act-tutoring.html?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=blog_highlight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/200-Points-SAT-Banner-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4072\" width=\"810\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/200-Points-SAT-Banner-8.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/200-Points-SAT-Banner-8-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/200-Points-SAT-Banner-8-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/200-Points-SAT-Banner-8-800x266.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The SAT Writing test asks you to strengthen the arguments of four passages. Some questions will ask you to add, delete, or modify evidence. Others ask you to rearrange paragraphs or whole passages to communicate ideas more clearly. The simplest questions, however, will ask you to correct mistakes in English grammar. Grammar questions present a mix of punctuation errors, mistakes in word usage, and sentence structure problems. Among the questions in the third category, you will likely come across one or two questions on the topic of illogical comparisons. Illogical comparison questions test your close reading skills. Mistakes in this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":3650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[191,10,190,170],"tags":[14,20,196,173,195],"class_list":["post-3635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-act","category-act-english","category-sat","category-sat-writing","tag-grammar","tag-sat","tag-sat-free","tag-sat-help","tag-sat-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Guide to Illogical Comparison Questions on the SAT Writing - Test Geek Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.testgeek.com\/blog\/guide-to-illogical-comparison-questions-on-the-sat-writing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Guide to Illogical Comparison Questions on the SAT Writing - Test Geek Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The SAT Writing test asks you to strengthen the arguments of four passages. Some questions will ask you to add, delete, or modify evidence. Others ask you to rearrange paragraphs or whole passages to communicate ideas more clearly. The simplest questions, however, will ask you to correct mistakes in English grammar. Grammar questions present a mix of punctuation errors, mistakes in word usage, and sentence structure problems. Among the questions in the third category, you will likely come across one or two questions on the topic of illogical comparisons. Illogical comparison questions test your close reading skills. 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